Open pit mining requires different skills and equipment than underground mining. Many porphyry deposits can be large. Some are found near the surface, while others are deeper. These deposits may require large equipment to mine. These deposits can reach great depths, but are usually narrow. They are also mined underground using smaller equipment.

After the mine has been excavated, the minerals are processed. This depends on what material was extracted. According to the flowsheet, testing and design in the FS, the crushing and process facility will be constructed. The first step in the processing richard william warke of ore is to understand the mineralogy. This includes metallurgical test for crushing, grinding, and recovery of metals.

The FS includes environmental factors, and has assessed the impact on the ecosystem of the existing mine. The FS must also determine the quantities and qualities of the ore to be extracted, as well the tailings. It will have to consider the acidity and deleteriousness of the metals and the wastes.

In the FS, you will also find the volume and amount of the water used for the operation as well as whether it will require long-term treatment. Some countries use the FS to determine the requirements for mining permits.

Environmental Management System, or EMS, is a management tool that includes environmental responsibilities and procedures. An EMS will allow the company to comply with the environmental laws, as well as identify the technical and economical benefits.

Those mining companies who have a high degree of technological and economic flexibility are implementing comprehensive EMSs in their sites. However, these EMSs require the input of governments, international organizations for environmental protection, educational facilities and the companies themselves.

In the mine planning, decisions are made about accommodation for workers. This will impact not only their quality of living but also how they interact with local communities. Mine camps are either commuter or community-based, depending on how far the mine is from the nearest town.

Employee satisfaction, morale, and motivation are all influenced by the quality of their accommodation. Not only is this important to safety and productivity but it also affects recruitment and retention. The accommodation strategy will have an impact on the potential value of the community if it is located close to the proposed mine.

When mines are in isolated locations or are facing significant economic, socio-political and environmental challenges, decisions regarding employee housing become more complex. It is important that the mine company understands the complexity of the local planning issues, and takes into consideration the economic, social and political consequences, as well as the accommodation strategy.

Surface mining can be defined as a category of mining that involves the removal of the rock and soil overlying a mineral deposit. More than two-thirds (or more) of the annual mineral production around the globe is taken out by surface mining. The mining industry prefers surface mining, as it’s more efficient to mine the underground mineral deposits by removing the land to expose the resources beneath.